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Western civilization has long sought its cultural roots in the classical civilizations of the Aegean. During the twentieth century, however, it has been made increasingly clear that it owes a great debt to the civilizations of the Fertile Crescent. In the thick of the debate as to how much classical civilizations were influenced by the Levant has been the question of the date of the transmission of the alphabet. In this monograph, Bernal takes up the question anew and marshals persuasive arguments that the date of transmission of the alphabet should be moved considerably earlier than generally has been thought, to the middle of the second millennium B.C. Growing out of his work on Black Athena, the intricate matters of alphabetic history and transmission are dealt with, both in terms of the history of the investigation of the topic and also with regard to the specific working out of his own new proposal.

Alphabet --- Writing --- History. --- -Writing --- -Chirography --- Handwriting --- Language and languages --- Ciphers --- Penmanship --- Letters of the alphabet --- Latin alphabet --- Roman alphabet --- Hieroglyphics --- Transliteration --- History --- -History --- Alphabet - History. --- Writing - History. --- Écriture --- Paléographie --- Histoire

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This work explores the vast differences between oral and literate cultures, offering an account of the intellectual, literary and social effects of writing, print and electronic technology.

316.773.3:02 --- 930.85:02 --- 930.85:02 Cultuurgeschiedenis. Kultuurgeschiedenis-:-Bibliotheekwezen --- Cultuurgeschiedenis. Kultuurgeschiedenis-:-Bibliotheekwezen --- 316.773.3:02 Boek: communicatieinhoud--(communicatiesociologie) --- Boek: communicatieinhoud--(communicatiesociologie) --- 81 --- CDL --- Language and culture --- Oral tradition --- Writing --- Written communication --- Tradition, Oral --- Oral communication --- Folklore --- Oral history --- Culture and language --- Culture --- Written discourse --- Written language --- Communication --- Discourse analysis --- Language and languages --- Visual communication --- Chirography --- Handwriting --- Ciphers --- Penmanship

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In this volume, originally published in 1990, are included papers presented at two meetings; one a workshop on Number Theory and Cryptography, and the other, the annual meeting of the Australian Mathematical Society. Questions in number theory are of military and commercial importance for the security of communication, as they are related to codes and code-breaking. Papers in the volume range from problems in pure mathematics whose study has been intensified by this connection, through interesting theoretical and combinatorial problems which arise in the implementation, to practical questions that come from banking and telecommunications. The contributors are prominent within their field. The whole volume will be an attractive purchase for all number theorists, 'pure' or 'applied'.

Number theory --- Diophantine analysis --- Cryptography --- Cryptanalysis --- Cryptology --- Secret writing --- Steganography --- Signs and symbols --- Symbolism --- Writing --- Ciphers --- Data encryption (Computer science) --- Indeterminate analysis --- Forms, Quadratic --- Mathematical models --- #KVIV:BB --- 519.72 --- 519.72 Information theory: mathematical aspects --- Information theory: mathematical aspects --- Mathematical models&delete& --- Congresses --- Mathematical control systems --- cryptografie --- Number theory - Congresses --- Diophantine analysis - Congresses --- Cryptography - Mathematical models - Congresses

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Writing --- Criminology. Victimology --- 091:003.5 --- 09 <036> --- Manuscript dating --- Paleography --- -Writing --- -Chirography --- Handwriting --- Language and languages --- Ciphers --- Penmanship --- Dating of manuscripts --- Manuscripts --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Diplomatics --- Illumination of books and manuscripts --- Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi-:-Schrijfmaterialen --- Handschriften. Oude en merkwaardige drukken. Curiosa--Gidsen. Bijzonderheden m.b.t. het boek --- History --- Materials and instruments --- -History --- -Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi-:-Schrijfmaterialen --- 09 <036> Handschriften. Oude en merkwaardige drukken. Curiosa--Gidsen. Bijzonderheden m.b.t. het boek --- 091:003.5 Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi-:-Schrijfmaterialen --- -Dating of manuscripts --- Chirography --- Hieroglyphics --- Materials and instruments&delete& --- Calligraphie --- Ecriture --- Identification --- Materiel et instruments --- Histoire

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Cuneiform writing --- Inscriptions, Linear A --- Inscriptions, Linear B --- Ecriture cunéiforme --- Inscriptions linéaires A --- Inscriptions linéaires B --- Archéologie --- --Fouilles --- --XIXe-XXe s., --- Écriture --- --Antiquité --- --Épigraphie --- --Writing --- History --- 003.3 <09> --- 091:003 --- Writing --- -Chirography --- Handwriting --- Language and languages --- Ciphers --- Penmanship --- Geschiedenis van het schrift --- Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi-:-Semiotiek. Schriften. Tekens en symbolen. Codes. Grafische voorstellingen --- -Geschiedenis van het schrift --- 091:003 Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi-:-Semiotiek. Schriften. Tekens en symbolen. Codes. Grafische voorstellingen --- 003.3 <09> Geschiedenis van het schrift --- -003.3 <09> Geschiedenis van het schrift --- Chirography --- Ecriture cunéiforme --- Inscriptions linéaires A --- Inscriptions linéaires B --- Fouilles --- XIXe-XXe s., 1801-2000 --- Antiquité --- Épigraphie --- Writing - History